Bali, Indonesia boasts a rich cultural heritage, and one of its distinctive traditional musical instrument is the Tambur. With a shape resembling a drum but larger in size, the Tambur plays a significant role in Balinese culture, both as a symbol of war and an essential component in sacred ceremonies.
The Origins of the Tambur: A War Drum
The history of the Tambur dates back to the time of the Karangasem Kingdom. During this era, the Tambur played a vital role as a war drum, signifying the commencement of battles and conquests. The Karangasem Kingdom expanded its territory by conquering neighboring regions through warfare.
Rhythmic beats produced by striking the Tambur, often accompanied by a large gong known as “kempur,” reverberated through the air, creating a powerful and resonant “dug” and “pur” sound. These beats not only served as a signal for the start of a battle but also acted as a source of motivation and inspiration for the kingdom’s warriors. Consequently, the Tambur occupied a prominent position at the forefront of the royal army’s procession during wartime.
The Tambur’s Evolution: From War Drum to Sacred Ceremonial Instrument
As time passed and society evolved, the Tambur underwent a transition from its wartime role to becoming an integral part of sacred ceremonies, particularly in the context of Dewa Yadnya rituals. The Balinese Hindu community observes Dewa Yadnya ceremonies as an expression of gratitude and devotion to the divine for their blessings and grace.
During these ceremonies, five specific Dewa Yadnya chants are frequently performed, including Kawitan Wargasari, Pupuh Gambuh, Mendak Bhatara (Wargasari), Bramara Ngisep Sari, and Turun Tirta. The Tambur, with its deep and resonant tones, plays a crucial role in accompanying these chants and contributing to the ceremonial ambiance.
The Tambur in Major Ceremonies: A Key Player
Tambur also plays a pivotal role in initiating grand processions during significant ceremonies such as the Melasti ritual, which involves the purification of sacred objects and the representation of the divine. This ritual is an integral part of the Ida Betara Turun Kabeh ceremony held at the revered Pura Besakih temple.
Additionally, within the Puri Karangasem palace, the Tambur is employed to accompany the processional celebrations of royal weddings, particularly for members of the aristocracy or close relatives of the royal family. Its presence in these ceremonies adds an aura of grandeur and cultural significance.
Preserving Tradition and Culture
In modern times, the Tambur continues to be a symbol of Bali’s rich cultural heritage. Its evolution from a war drum to an instrument of spiritual significance underscores the adaptability of Balinese traditions over time. The Tambur’s enduring presence in both ceremonial and cultural contexts serves as a testament to the island’s commitment to preserving its unique cultural identity.
In conclusion, Bali’s Tambur is a musical instrument that not only signifies the beginnings of wars but also enriches the sacred rituals and cultural celebrations of the island. Its deep, resonant tones continue to reverberate through Bali’s cultural landscape, reminding us of the enduring traditions and spirituality that define this enchanting island.